2017 Ivan Allen Morning Panel

– Well good morning again and welcome My name is Rafael Bras, and on behalf of Georgia Tech, we would like to thank you for joining us here today for the Ivan Allen Jr. Prize for Social Courage Symposium The annual symposium was established to honor alumnus and former Atlanta mayor, Ivan Allen Jr The symposium is so important to Georgia Tech because it brings together, us together to celebrate and highlight examples of transformative work, that is addressing some of the most difficult issues facing our nation and the world But beyond celebration, the symposium also allows us a time to reflect and consider the grand challenges that still face our neighbors both near and far, and in here now and in years to come Awarded for the first time on March 2011, the Ivan Allen Jr Prize for Social Courage is made possible by the general support of the Wilbur and Hilda Glenn Family Foundation, and recognizes those around the world who by standing up for clear moral principles in the social arena have positively affected to the public discourse We thank members of the Allen family and the Ivan Allen Advisory Board for the commitment on joining us today Mayor Allen was an insightful, courageous, and innovative leader who envisioned a truly transformative path for the city of Atlanta His leadership, both in business and community engagement, forever changed the city’s economic and civic landscape Transformative change, innovation, commitment and courage, those are the key issues about this prize, the key descriptors of this prize These attributes are really and truly the legacy of the Ivan Allen Jr., of Ivan Allen Jr., and they are the motivators for Dean Jacqueline Royster and the faculty staff and students in the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts I’d like to recognize Dean Royster, who is here today Dean Royster, can you stand? (all applauding) Thank you, Jackie, Dean Royster, and thank you to all the faculty for your hard work in putting this together Ivan Allen Jr.’s work and commitment were truly extraordinary And this prize that bears his name underscores Georgia Tech’s mission to improve the human condition by recognizing those around the world, who, like Mayor Allen, have made a positive difference by standing up for moral principle at the risk of their career and livelihoods, and even their lives Before I go forward, I know that there’s at least one previous winner of this award, Dr. Foege Could you please stand? (all applauding) Am I missing anybody? Previous awardee? Thank you very much for being here, Dr. Foege We’re gonna take a few minutes now to remember the work of Ivan Allen Jr (uplifting music) – When Ivan Allen served as Atlanta’s 52nd mayor, he demonstrated transformational and visionary leadership by partnering with Dr. Martin Luther King on key civil rights issues of the day, and Atlanta is radically different from other cities because of his exceptional leadership – [Announcer] Ivan Allen Jr. was a visionary, a man of action When he was inaugurated as mayor of Atlanta in 1962, he faced a city and economic malaise, and deeply divided by racial segregation But Allen was ready for the challenge His Six Point Forward Atlanta plan encompassed urban renewal, new infrastructure, including an expressway system and plans for public transportation, the building of a civic auditorium, a Major League sport stadium, and a commitment to keeping open Atlanta schools through racial discord – [Andrew] The major contribution I think of Ivan Allen was that he dreamed of a city of four million people,

but we didn’t have but 400,000 folk in the entire region – [Announcer] Mayor Allen succeeded on all points of his plan during eight years in office, creating the greatest economic surge in the city’s history, bringing in Braves, Hawks, and Falcons, a vibrant new arts and cultural scene, and creating the beginning of a unified new south (upbeat 60s music) As he listened daily to the concerns of African Americans, what began as a businessman strategy for economic growth grew into a deep moral conviction that the public accommodation for African Americans was the right thing, and his advocacy grew stronger – [Jimmy] It’s hard for anyone outside of the south to understand the depth of feeling that existed then, the prejudices that swept our schools, our churches, that justify this discrimination There were a very few courageous people that broke that shell that we had built around ourselves One of them was Ivan Allen – [Sam] Ivan Allen displayed courage and confronted his adversaries But he also challenged his peers, and was willing to incur their scorn and anger where social justice was at stake – The challenge to complete the elimination of discrimination from all public accommodations punishes us with a great opportunity to– – [Announcer] In 1963, at the behest of President John F. Kennedy, Mayor Allen testified before Congress on behalf of what became the Civil Rights Act of 1964 He was the only prominent white southern leader to do so – There was a time when vast numbers of people hated him intensely, because of his stand on integration So much so that the Allen family had police protection in their home for a good period of time And these feelings were not limited to the raw fringes of society They were present at all social levels – [Announcer] Mayor Allen’s partnerships with Martin Luther King Junior and other African Americans showed that barriers were falling, and a long overdue transformation was close enough to touch – [Kasim] On issue after issue, he showed sound judgment and a commitment to the future – He was a leader while he was a student here at Georgia Tech, and went on to be a leader in everything he did throughout his career Now half a century later, his life is a beacon of light for those of us following in his footsteps It’s our goal here at Georgia Tech to take the legacy of Ivan Allen Jr., and pass it on to the next generation – [Jimmy] The name Ivan Allen was a beacon light for breaking through the darkness And I’m personally grateful to him – [Announcer] It’s the legacy of Ivan Allen Jr., the man whose values infuse the way we teach, and the way we learn – The character and integrity revealed in acts of social courage are not qualities that can be simply switched on when needed They have to be built and practiced day by day, week by week, and year by year To build a world of promise, and avoid a world of peril, we’re going to have to cooperate with each other Ivan Allen Jr. showed us the way (all applauding) – Well that’s certainly quite a life to emulate But today, we certainly have the opportunity to honor a couple that really and truly have made a difference Today we will be honoring President Jimmy Carter, and former First Lady, Rosalynn Carter At Georgia Tech, we proudly call President Carter one of our own, and today we celebrate what is now more than half a century of the Carter’s service, advocacy and resolve to promote democracy, protect human rights, and prevent disease around the world Their partnership is truly inspirational We welcome members of the Carter family who are here today We are joined by I believe by two of the Carter’s grandsons including Josh Carter, who I believe is here with his wife Sarah Jane, and former state senator Jason Carter, who is participating in the first panel this morning From these two perspectives, we must engage and partner with leaders whose experience, courage and actions are transforming our world by creating and sustaining social change Today we honor and celebrate the Carters’ exemplary leadership May their actions serve as beacons of courage to us all Again, I thank you for being here today

Now it is my pleasure to introduce the moderator of this morning first panel, Mr. John Pruitt A mainstay of Atlanta, Pruitt retired from Channel 2 Action News in 2010, after 47 years on Atlanta’s television Throughout this historic career, Pruitt covered major civil rights stories, Jimmy Carter’s gubernatorial and presidential campaigns, the funeral of Dr. Martin Luther King, the inaugurations of Presidents Carter and Clinton, and attacks on the US Marine barracks in Lebanon in 1983, and the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 He is a 10-time Emmy winner, among other awards, and is a member of the Atlanta Press Club Hall of Fame Please join me in welcoming Mr. John Pruitt (all applauding) – Thank you Thank you – Thank you very much Well these are not great times for journalists, even retired journalists but– (crowd laughing) I hope we have a friendly crowd here today I am extremely fortunate to have been a reporter, starting in 1964 and to have actually covered Ivan Allen Jr I thought the video did a remarkable job of profiling his career, but as a young reporter covering this man, I just want to add my two cents’ worth It’s important to remember that Ivan Allen Jr. came from a background of segregation, and to be elected to public office in the 60s in the south, you almost had to speak in terms of being a segregationist He dramatically changed when he took office It was 180 degrees And this is an award for social service, for courage And I’ve never seen a public official display the courage that Ivan Allen Jr. did, in going to Washington and testifying for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and act of remarkable political courage, to do the right thing, not the politically-expedient thing While the fire hoses and police dogs were in the streets of Birmingham, Atlanta had a mayor who ushered us into the era that we now all enjoy But it wasn’t just political courage This man had physical courage There was a day in the late 60s when there was a riot in the Summerhill community Crowds were running, breaking windows, the police were in there trying to control the crowd Ivan Allen went into that crowd with a bullhorn, climbed up on a police car, tried to calm the crowd Unfortunately, it didn’t work The crowd approached the police car, began rocking it, and Ivan Allen was knocked off of that police car But the physical courage to put himself in harm’s way to protect his city and the people of the city is something that has stayed with me ever since So journalists are supposed to be objective When it comes to Ivan Allen Jr., I am not This was a great man, and I am privileged to be part of this today I was also very privileged to have covered our honorees from a long time back My first connection with the Carters was 1970 A terrific governor’s race, it was one of the most exciting, colorful races that I think Georgia’s ever had It was a race that Jimmy Carter won, but I was privileged to have been on the campaign trail almost every day, much of that time with Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter And then I was lucky enough to have this governor run for the White House, and I covered the campaign, got to take some road trips, New Hampshire, Florida, Pennsylvania Went to the White House several times to cover him as President But the most remarkable thing I think is what’s happened since then, the post-presidency, when Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter have launched the Carter Presidential Center and gone around the world, curing diseases, monitoring elections, waging peace, as The Carter Center likes to say, that’s a pretty good term for it They’re remarkable people, remarkable individuals, and they keep on going and it’s just amazing So it’s a thrill to be able to honor them today and to be a part of that Now, enough from me We have six people here who are going to be talking about the Carters, and their many contributions to our country and to the world, and they view it all from different perspectives

I’m going to introduce them now, there are six panelists, I’ll introduce them one at a time And as I introduce the panel, would you please come up and take your seats? The first panelist is Jason Carter, the Honorable Jason Carter, should I say? Jason is a former state senator, former candidate for governor He of course is the grandson of Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter He is a trust, he’s the head of the Board of Trustees, the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of The Carter Center, and a partner with the law firm of Bondurant, Mixson and Elmore So we’ll be talking to Jason about his very personal connection with his grandparents Our next panelist, Ambassador Mary Ann Peters, who is chief executive officer of The Carter Center She spent almost 30 years in the foreign service, including a tour as ambassador to Bangladesh She will be talking about the humanitarian initiatives of The Carter Center, including Rosalynn Carter’s various mental health initiatives Our next panelist is Dr. MaryAnne Borrelli She is professor of government at Connecticut College She is an expert on gender and politics She’s written a couple of books, “The Politics of the President’s Wife” and “The President’s Cabinet: Gender, Power and Representation” Now the middle seat’s for me, so the next three panelists will sit on the end (chuckles) Johnathan T.M. Reckford is chief executive officer for Habitat for Humanity International And he could certainly tell us about the global impact of this organization, particularly the Carter Work Project and the impact of having a President and a First Lady who put on a carpenter’s apron and pick up a hammer and actually build these homes around the world Lisa A. Gordon is president and chief executive officer of Atlanta Habitat for Humanity She of course will be talking to us about the local impact of Habitat in the Metro area, and the Carters’ role in that And finally a man who certainly needs no introduction, Ambassador Andrew Young He’s played such a key role in so many major moments in our city’s life, from the civil rights struggle, eight years as mayor of Atlanta, to bringing the Olympics to Atlanta He played a vital role in getting Jimmy Carter elected President And he’s here to do what he does best, to give his perspective on all that will be discussed and to lead us in the right way when we step off and run out of bounds But hopefully we will not be doing that (crowd laughing) So I’m gonna move to the center seat, and we’re gonna ask each of these six panelists to give us a brief introductory statement, and that will be followed by questions from me and hopefully we’ll have time for questions from the audience So Jason, we’ll begin with you – Thank you John and my take on this is as a, perhaps the beginning, perhaps the end, but my grandparents’ story begins in Plains, Georgia And I was just talking to President Carter and others about south Georgia, but one of the things about my grandparents’ partnership that I think it is important to remember is that they both started in this tiny little town of 600 people And it still has 600 people, and they still live there And their experience as a couple, the human connection that they feel, the understanding that when they walk into a tiny little village in Mali that some people might think is the middle of nowhere and has nothing to offer, they see it as 600 people who might go on to change the world And so this background of Plains, Georgia is so fundamental to them as to, it’s almost impossible I think to overstate it This is when they got married, almost 71 years ago They celebrated their 70th anniversary the other year now– (crowd applauding) As you know, my grandmother’s experience, and as Ambassador Peters will talk, a 70 year marriage is indicative of, there’s almost no one who has ever lived, who’s had a 70 year marriage, and didn’t have a happy, full, incredible life And the other prizes, the other awards, the other things that have evidenced that my grandparents’ life, I think nothing speaks more to their happiness and faith and excitement with the world than their 70 year marriage And my grandfather would say that it’s a testament to his experience in conflict resolution (crowd laughing) And my grandmother would say that it’s testament to her expertise in mental health (crowd laughing) But the experiences that they’ve had from that tiny town, they’ve of course became President of the United States, and the partnership that many people will talk about,

the piece of it that I wanted to highlight is that so much of the world, whether it’s politics, whether it’s peacemaking, whether it’s business, it’s really about human connection And even if you’re talking about the greatest leaders in the world talking to each other, bringing people together, understanding how it works, it’s really a story of human connection And you know, this of course is a famous picture of my grandparents, Ambassador Young, is at Ebenezer Baptist Church, but those types of human connections that they shared together, the fundamental human connection in their life was the one that they shared together And that’s why this award that’s given to the partnership is such a remarkable one This picture, to me, just it looks like it could be any couple in love, you know? But this actually was taken in the Middle East in 1978 And as they were getting ready to truly tackle this conflict of literally biblical proportions, right? The Egyptians and the Israelis fought essentially from the time of Exodus, or Genesis, until 1978 And the process of addressing that became a process that they really tackled in many ways together as an exercise in human connection This is the presidential diary of Jimmy Carter from February 4, 1978, and it just illustrates I think the way that you build these human connections that ultimately become the foundations for peace and so this, you can’t see it very well, but you know, the President and First Lady hosted a luncheon for US and Egyptian officials at Camp David, and the President and the First Lady escorted President and Mrs Sadat on a walking tour of Camp David, and the relationship that they built together was a remarkable one Then this says the President the First Lady, accompanied by President and Mrs. Sadat, watched the movie Star Wars (crowd laughing) More just evidence of regular people, who were that, at the same time sort of recognizing their common humanity but, you know, they were in the process of changing the world as an aside And they loved it, by the way And I’ll also point out that my grandfather would probably tell you that his best friend ever was a muslim, and is referenced in this picture here And in his workshop, he’s got a picture of one other person, and it’s Anwar Sadat The Carter Center’s work in observing elections, in bringing democracy, the two of them together and their connection just highlights so much of what The Carter Center’s work is, which is the type of human connection that’s reflected there This is administering a treatment of river blindness medicine that prevents one of the leading forms of preventable blindness in the world, and again, they do together over and over and over again This is in Ghana But, this looks like a scrapbook of a marriage that’s just remarkable to me And this last picture of them is one that, this is them in the Sudanese elections in 2011 But to me, this one, I took this one, this year at New Years, and that’s my son Thomas on the right, and my son Henry on the left, and this is the midnight fireworks at the place where we were staying and the way that they live their lives and the way that they treat their family and the partnership that they have, again, putting aside all of the incredible things that they’ve done for the world is just an incredible example to me, and I think to so many others But this is just a family shot, and the two of them still, you know, first of all stay up ’til midnight, and they’re 93 years old ’cause they want to see the fireworks (crowd laughing) But you know, the love that they have for each other and for their great-grandchildren who are there in this picture just seemed to me to be a remarkable celebration for them And so for my family to the organizers and obviously, Ivan Allen has been an important part of my family’s life There’s an Ivan Allen pavilion at The Carter Center to show just how deeply that goes, but we just wanted to say thank you for recognizing their partnership Thank you (crowd applauding) – I just had a quick followup question Was there a moment as a young person that you said, “I want to be like them, “I want to go into public service”? Or was, did they take you aside and encourage you to do that? Was it osmosis? What provoked that interest on your part? – You know, it’s, I’m not gonna answer your question,

but I’m gonna answer a different question (Jason laughs) – Gotta follow up – Well now, I mean, I guess there’s not really a moment where I said I’m gonna run for office I mean, I talked to them about it, I asked them about it, and you know, when I asked for their advice, they would often of course give it You know, “Jason, I think you should do it”, or you know, “Running for office, whether you win or lose, “is one of the greatest experiences that you’ll have.” And so there was that idea, and of course, just having, I guess to use your word osmosis, having observed a couple important lessons, number one, that you can achieve sort of the highest political office without compromising your values, without losing track of who you are, without undermining your marriage, right? I mean, some of those things when you look out at the world of politics and the history of politicians, it’s not a very pleasant one sometimes And to have an example in my family of someone who did all of that was really important, but the moment where I felt the closest to them in terms of running for office and being in public life is I was running for the state senate My youngest child was 18 months old, and you know, so we had a three year old and an 18 month old, and you know, it was just really hard on the family When you’re running for an office like state senate, you gotta be at every single neighborhood meeting, you’ve gotta do these things, and it was just grinding and it was just wearing on me, and me and my wife both were having such a hard time just managing our time, and our lives, and feeling like, “Oh, if I miss that event, “that’s gonna be the two votes that I would have had”, and I went and I sat with my grandparents, just the four of us, and I said, they said, “How’s it going?” I said, “You know, I’m really tired.” And my grandmother said, “Oh yeah, we always hated it.” (crowd laughing) And I thought, “I’m so glad that you guys also thought “it was so hard, because just”, but there’s not that many people who’ve gone through it, and to have them, who’ve been so successful talk about how hard it is, to sort of live your life in that human way while you’re going through it, it was a perfect moment for me and it’s one I’ll always remember but, thank you – Let’s turn to Mary Ann Peters Ambassador, you’ve worked very closely with the Carters, obviously, as we see you over at The Carter Center Your thoughts and perspectives on this remarkable relationship? – Well thank you John Jason of course is in a much better position than I am to speak to the long partnership between President and Mrs Carter but I have been at The Carter Center for two and a half years now, and I’ve seen nothing but an incredible partnership And by the way, Jason and I chose some of the same photos, not all of the same ones, and I think that’s because the photos illustrate so well the partnership that we’re talking about The Carter Center was founded by President and Mrs. Carter in 1982, and together, they’ve led The Center for nearly 35 years Both of our founders are life members of The Carter Center Board of Trustees And, which Jason by the way now chairs And Jason and I have a monthly meeting with both President and Mrs. Carter, so it’s really true that they are the founders, and they have of course not only shaped the programs of The Center, but the values that guide The Center as well Just a couple of words about The Carter Center I thought perhaps we could talk a little more later about the programs What I’d like to do right now is talk about the, the mission principles that guide The Center Now, The Carter Center’s motto is, “Waging Peace, Fighting Disease, Building Hope” We’ve worked in more than 80 countries, and at any given moment, you’ll find The Carter Center actively working in about half that number of countries Our health programs, again, as I think you know, are focused largely on eliminating or eradicating neglected tropical diseases in Africa and Latin America, and our peace programs focus on democracy, on human rights, and on conflict resolution But the character of The Center, this really incredible institution that I’m privileged to be a part of is based more on how we do things and why than on what we do And the how and the why are the legacy of President and Mrs. Carter On our website, you’ll find five mission principles The first is that The Center emphasizes action and measurable results The second is that we actively seek to avoid duplicating the effective efforts of others And I really don’t know of any other organization that is quite as explicit and deliberate about that mission of finding a niche The third principle is that because we are going to be doing things no one else really wants to do like

seeking to eradicate Guinea-worm, we’re going to be dealing with difficult problems in difficult places And therefore, and I think this is really a stunning part of The Carter Center’s ethos, failure is an acceptable risk How many organizations, especially those that depend on money from other people actually say that failure is an acceptable risk? But of course, we all know from our own experience that an occasional failure is the price of the innovation that fuels achievement The fourth principle, and don’t chuckle, is that The Carter Center is non-partisan As President Carter said once again this morning, and he says it often, there are 22 voters in The Carter Center extended family, as far as he knows, they all vote democratic and he and Mrs. Carter of course certainly do, but our programs are based on values; Compassion, respect for human dignity, belief in democracy, that President and Mrs. Carter model and that I believe, and I know they believe, are shared by the vast majority of Americans across our political spectrum And the final principle, the one that really I think sets The Carter Center apart is, and I’ll read this one, The Center believes that people can improve their own lives when provided with the necessary skills, knowledge, and access to resources And I’ve heard both President and Mrs. Carter say time and again, that people in these villages, these villages that, as Jason said, remind them of Plains, those people are just as intelligent as they are, their family values are just as strong as theirs, their hopes for their children are just as shining as theirs And this essential respect is something that you just can’t counterfeit It’s about the core value of human dignity, and I think it’s the most important value that we have motivating The Carter Center I’ll just say one thing at this point about our programs And, that is to mention Mrs Carter’s special work One of my colleagues at The Center, Phil Wise, who some of you may know, likes to say that, “The Carters are equal partners in everything except “the mental health program, “which Mrs. Carter leads on her own”, and according to Phil, “Won’t let President Carter have much to do with.” And it’s certainly true that Mrs. Carter has unique expertise on mental health issues, which have been her focus since 1970 And one of the slides that’s been scrolling shows Mrs. Carter testifying in 2007 before a House Subcommittee in favor of parity, that is the requirement that we now enjoy for insurance companies to pay for treatment for mental illnesses on a par with what they cover for physical illnesses And of course President Carter himself has deeper expertise in say, conflict resolution than Mrs. Carter does, although again, she’s been part of those efforts since Camp David and continuing through The Carter Center’s mediation efforts And from what I have seen, partnership for them means acting together when that makes sense, and taking complimentary roles when that achieves a better outcome So I think I’ll end there, and hope that we can talk a little more about The Carter Center’s programs, embodying these values as the discussion proceeds – Okay, I’m sure we’re gonna have some questions for you, and we’ll get into Q and A Very good (crowd applauding) Well there’s been a lot of talk about the role of First Ladies in the past four weeks, and Dr. MaryAnne Borrelli is an expert in that She is, as I told you earlier, has written two books on First Ladies, and gender and presidential cabinets So, would you say that the Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter union in the White House is the ideal to be achieved? I mean, was it, did it set the tone that you think other First Ladies and Chief Executives should follow? – I think one of the most– – Am I leading you too much here? (John laughs) – No But my five minutes Let me answer that question as I go along – Okay – Thank you So, there we go This is my chance to kind of give you a little bit about Rosalynn Carter, and it’s just such a pleasure to be here So I’ll start by reminding you of what she brought to the White House, especially, it’s not advancing There we go So, she entered the White House with the experience of being a woman of the south, whose family always had

women that worked She was a mother and a grandmother, and very much aware of the responsibilities associated with those roles She had campaigned actively in her husband’s campaigns for the state senate, with the governor’s office, and most definitely for the presidency And while in the governor’s office, Carter had appointed Mrs. Carter, I’m going to go with Carter and Mrs. Carter, Carter had appointed Mrs. Carter to the governor’s commission for mental health reform So when they entered the White House, incidentally they were the first since Thomas Jefferson to walk the parade route, which was an extraordinary act in and of itself, she entered with expertise in campaigning and policymaking as well as a rich set of personal and familial networks And that was evident in the media coverage which gradually changed across her time there, from the first new, First Lady cover, through her mental health work, and into her campaigning for 19, in the 1980 reelection campaign So what did she do in the White House? This goes to John’s question First, she managed traditions, in a beautiful and fluid way, in the midst of the Equal Rights Amendment and feminist revolutions So the traditional feminine perspectives on the First Lady, including the holiday parties, 35 state dinners in four years, and then she moved into office And The Office of the First Lady was renovated, reformed, revolutionized by Rosalynn Carter, with increased specializing and departmentalization She’s shown here with Madeline McBean, and then with Mary Finch Hoyt, her press secretary Whoops, hold on Here we go As a policy entrepreneur, one of the most remarkable elements of her work was her independent travel She began with a trip to Latin America in 1977, sent as the President’s representative to meet with heads of state and heads of government, to discuss issues as diverse as weapons sales and disarmament, and trade barriers and trade alliances The diversity of her international travel can be illustrated by going straight to 1979, two years later, when she led an effort to increase international awareness, of the extraordinary circumstance of Cambodian refugees in Thailand Through her work, her travel, she brought international attention and fundraising efforts to respond to this humanitarian crisis And having read the papers when she returned, I can tell you that this was extremely difficult for her staff Today, we would call her work centered on the politics of identity, as she reached out to work very extensively for those who are senior citizens, and for those who are women You can see her here with Lady Bird Johnson, Betty Ford, and representative Bella Abzug lifting the Torch of Liberty in her work for the ERA But as others have said, her work in mental health was really her signature In four years, she took the cause of mental health reform from an idea to a commission, she’s shown here at hearings in Chicago, to a completed report, there we go, to legislation that was actively and actually funded, quite extensively, for major reforms at the national level in our mental health care In 1980, as the Iran hostage crisis wore on, she became the President’s point person in the reelection campaign, traveling to over 166 cities and becoming among the first of the First Ladies to be a public fundraiser for the presidential campaign So when that campaign was lost, it must have seemed to Rosalynn Carter that a lot of political opportunities were lost, certainly the mental health reforms and programs that she had initiated were immediately de-funded in the Reagan Administration To understand the post-presidency is to understand the work of a woman who has once again revolutionized undertakings She remains a formidable policy entrepreneur, with five books to her credit, three centered on caregiving and mental health care She is the head of The Rosalynn Carter Institute, a major clearinghouse for ideas and understandings relating to caregiving and to mental health And of course, she’s very active in Habitat for Humanity, as you will be seeing But I’d like to draw your attention to her tool belt This is one of my favorite pictures, where you can just barely see, can you see that RSC in there? We all know, I speak as a member of the public, Rosalynn Carter as Rosalynn Carter, but every memo in the White House was initialed RSC

She always remembered, as Jason has said, where she came from She always took the Smith with her And I’ve never forgotten all those memos initialed RSC, so when I saw this tool belt, she’s still doin’ it So the partnership continues, and it’s a very vibrant and dynamic one, as you have heard And it’s something that says a great deal about us, that we’re becoming aware of what an extraordinary thing that is Her work was often in the background, with the exception of mental health, and that sometimes does not earn the respect that it merits But in this play, authored by Lawrence Wright, her interactions with Jimmy Carter, Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin, are accurately portrayed as facilitating the exchange amongst the individuals who would lead to major changes, as Jason has said, in the Middle East peace agreements So I leave you with a quote that is so very typical of this woman’s profundity, depth, and succinctness Thank you (crowd applauding) – Thank you Would it be fair to ask you for a historical comparison of Rosalynn Carter to other First Ladies? Anyone come to mind that– – I think the thing that’s remarkable is people to often turn to Eleanor Roosevelt But Eleanor Roosevelt had to excuse every trip she took “My husband says it’s all right “I’m just the eyes and ears of the President.” And the difference for Rosalynn Carter and Jimmy Carter is that President Carter said that he sent her to be more than his eyes and ears She was there to conduct conversations, to build relationships, and to actively participate in policymaking President Johnson sent Lady Bird Johnson out to sell the successes of his administration, and to advocate strongly for controversial programs, including the Civil Rights Act and Urban Renewal But he masked those, so she had a whistlestop tour through the south, where she had beautification, rather than urban development I think the difference with Rosalynn and Jimmy Carter is that there was a forthrightness with the public that this woman, his wife, would be more than goodwill tours, more than someone whose activism and whose mindfulness had to be excused Her creativity was advertised by the President, and her advocacy was respected by the President So it’s a major change, and one that we’re gradually seeing continue with fits and starts – There was a closeness and love there too that permeated everything they did, which I think made a huge difference All right, we saw the photo of Rosalynn and Jimmy and the tool belt, and now we’re gonna have Johnathan Reckford tell us about the impact of the Carters on Habitat for Humanity I mean, that’s a, you should have that on all your fundraising posters, but you probably already do – We have it a lot, John, thank you It’s an honor to be here, and to talk about two of my favorite subjects that are really synonymous with Habitat for Humanity and the Carters, and two of the things if you ask most people, “What do you know about Habitat for Humanity?” They would say, “Oh, President Carter started it, “and they give away houses.” So we’re actually best known for two things that aren’t true But it is– (all laughing) But it is no question, I think, though President and Mrs Carter did not start Habitat, they unquestionably put it on the map And I’m not sure anybody would have heard of it, or very far fewer people would have ever heard of it had they not gotten involved in 1984 And in context, Habitat started in 1976, and those first eight years, it was able to help about 1,000 families globally in a handful of places And in 1984, it’s hard to remember how radical it was that an ex-President and former First Lady would get on a bus and drive from Plains, Georgia to New York City and spend a week sleeping in a church basement and renovating a tenement house on the Lower East Side And that drew unbelievable amounts of press And to put that in context, in their direct work now, in the 33 times they have spent a week somewhere in the world building homes with families, they have directly worked with 100,000 volunteers in 14 countries and built, renovated and repaired nearly 4,000 homes But that really doesn’t begin to touch the impact that they’ve had because Habitat, in the period since they have got involved, has now helped 10 million people have new or improved housing And you can see the inflection point from their engagement Also, I think personally, the thing I’m so struck is is not just what they’ve done, but how they’ve done it and who they are One of my favorites stories is, it actually came from one of my friends on their Secret Service detail who have been along on so many of these journeys and they said one time, they were watching, which is always awkward if you’re in the Secret Service

because they have to watch the Carters work hard and they can’t help, because they have to keep them safe, so President Carter was a deacon at the local church in Plains, so he was out mowing the lawn And, so think about that But he was mowing a lawn, and a big car drove up into the church driveway, and a person rolled down the window and said, “Hey, isn’t this the church where Jimmy Carter “teaches Sunday School?” (crowd laughing) He looked up, had a cap on, “Yep.” Turned to his wife, “Hey, this is the church where “Jimmy Carter teaches Sunday School.” And they rolled up the window and drove off (all laughing) Just didn’t occur to them that you’d see a former President out in front, mowing the lawn And it is, and we see that so often And it’s really both of them, and in terms of inspiring people about the idea of servant leadership, they are the only two that have been part of all 33 Carter Work Projects Last summer, we built in Memphis, Tennessee There’s a longer story about how we end up in Memphis in the summer, but the second day, it was 110 heat index, it was really hot, and I was laughing because President Carter, first time he had turned to me, said, “You know, this isn’t quite as much fun “as back when I was 80.” (crowd laughing) And I thought, “You know, to aspire to such a statement “is a truly remarkable thing.” But they have lent their equity in so many ways, and I think President Carter would be the first to say this is a vehicle for putting his faith into action And in a time in our country and world where we have so much division, I have seen literally comments from people around the world of saying, “You know, I don’t agree with their theology, “but I’m so glad they’re here “They make our community better.” Which is such I think the way we would like to see, people of faith would like to see their faith acknowledged and expressed, and they have brought hope to so many My first Carter Project was in Lonavala, India And it was chosen because President Carter’s mother had served in the Peace Corps there And we were, I think we had people from 21 different countries working on two small, we were working on a duplex, so there were actually two families with a shared common wall, and actually the women were the homeowners, but these are their husbands And at the end of the week, we gathered around, and dedication ceremonies were also the most stirring part of the week, and people were just sharing their experiences of the week And here, a gentleman named Subhash on the right, put his arm around his new neighbor Aziz, and this process of their sweat equity and working together over the months prior to and then during that week, and he said, “You know, we’re from different castes “One”, in India, as you know, a big social barrier, “And we’re from different faiths, one Hindu, one Muslim “But now we’re brothers.” And this process of coming together, as Desmond Tutu said is so much more than just a physical place to live And he said, “As the physical walls go up, “the invisible walls that separate us as people “come tumbling down, and hope is built in the community.” And I think President and Mrs. Carter have been just exemplars and ambassadors of that hope in so many contexts throughout the world Another piece to me is my definition of integrity is that wholeness, in all circumstances, and I have been with them, with some of the most powerful people in the world, and some of the least powerful and least well-off, in material terms, people in the world, and they are always the same in all circumstances, which I think is a remarkable thing It is, the first time I met them, I was really nervous President Carter was the official chair of my selection to join Habitat, so the last step was to drive down to Plains and meet with them I was excited about it, but a little bit nervous as well That long drive from the Atlanta airport and came in, and they just could not, for all of you who have met them, they could not have been more gracious, and they sat together holding hands, and we had this lovely conversation And I think it is such an image that in so many places, you just see them quietly holding hands and walking together, and Mrs. Carter has been such a remarkable example of strength and determination with civility, which is a combination we also need more of in our world, and she has spoken of so strongly but, has often said, it gets very emotional when she talks about the impact of the family she has gotten to know, in all these various contexts and locations and always says that we get so much more out of the chance to serve than anything we are able to give And I think their collective, their combined example of service has defined, certainly redefined the post-presidency but for really now generations to find what it is to serve and have impact in your community So it is so appropriate, I think,

that they are the recipients of the Ivan Allen Prize for Social Courage I can’t think of anyone more deserving, and it’s certainly been one of the great honors and privilege of my life to work alongside them and to call them friends Thank you (crowd applauding) – I was disappointed last year when the Nepal trip was canceled because we were gonna actually go to Nepal and cover that, and I was looking forward to it but because of the circumstances in country, it was canceled So let me know when you reschedule Nepal – We would love to, we were all crushed It was the right decision, but it was so disappointing – So I, you know, the Carters are amazing but to see them actually working at altitude and doing this thing with the tool belt, I mean, that’s extraordinary Lisa Gordon is the CEO of the Atlanta Habitat for Humanity and you can give us a closer look at the local picture What has this meant for Atlanta and the Carter involvement? – Good morning everyone, it’s just an honor to be here, talking about the work of President and Mrs. Carter And in the local community here in Atlanta, it’s been significant Our affiliate was started in 1983, and was doing five to 10 homes a year And in 1991, President and Mrs. Carter had the idea of can we do something to revitalize and transform Atlanta? And they came up with the Atlanta Project, and it was a project that was lasting five years, but the impact of it was about 10 years, and so, I’ll just share a few pictures This first picture shows them actively working on the homes with us, in the community And on the next slide, you just see a dedication, so not only were President and Mrs. Carter active throughout this project, in 1966 is when it was coming into the Olympics where we built over 100 homes, and this is actually a picture, and if you see on the left, with Arthur Blank where they were dedicating the 100th home that was part of that two year challenge And I think the power of partnerships was, their personal partnership with each other, but with the community, but they galvanized civic organizations, faith organizations, corporate sponsors, and the community in a way that really leveraged the work of Habitat, that had no been done before So I really feel like the Atlanta Habitat affiliate is very fortunate to have had them invest time, money, their influence to build that partnership On the next picture you see, during this project, they even had gotten Michael Jackson to come and do a concert here in Atlanta, which at that time, was just during the time when he was the King of Pop in the 90s, so you know how phenomenal that would be to have a fundraising event where it’s a concert, and that kind of leverage we don’t, we just don’t have that And seeing those partners come together In the next image, this was just a build, and I think that what all the speakers have talked about is the human connection of partnership When you actually connect with someone, when someone passes you a nail or you get a hammer or you actually hit your thumb ’cause you’re not that, you know, you’re on the build site, you’re on the roof, you’re caulking, you’re doing all these activities that seem very simple, but they’re connecting in that at the end of the day, you see how it transforms the family, and how it transforms the community And I think that’s the power of partnership And our next image, I just wanted to bring this, ’cause I’m a numbers geek So I wanted to show this impact because when you talk about catalytic change, in 1991, we were just under 20 homes, and in that five year period, we went from 20 to 50 And in the two year period of ’95, ’96 and ’97, is when we built the 100 homes for the Olympics And then after that, you see that number stays up there at about 50 or 60 homes And so it goes from an investment of about $660,000, to $3.7 million in a three year period, but if you see those first three years, it almost doubles every year And that kind of catalytic change was not only the resources that were invested, it was the people and the partnerships And in the next slide, you’ll see some pictures, you’ll see President Clinton, you see Vice President Al Gore, you see President Carter President Carter and Mrs Carter were instrumental in continuing to bring the partnership, the awareness, and the investment to the local community, which is just phenomenal In the next image, one of the things I wanted to bring up is that our house sponsorships and our volunteers, so in ’91, we had about 50 people giving us sponsorships and by the end of that 10 year period, it had doubled And today, our sponsorships is close to 250 sponsors Many of those sponsors continued from the time of this Atlanta Project

Also the volunteers during that volume, in 1991, was about 5,300 It doubled to about 10,000 And at the height of building for the Olympics was 17,000 people Imagine that they had never picked up a hammer, but are now volunteers, and we have maintained that We have about 13,000 volunteers that volunteer with us each and every year And so in this slide, I guess you can see it better, these are some of the partners that have built with us since the Atlanta Project, and they’re 25 year partners, churches, corporations, and continued investment So really, that catalytic change is something that we continue to benefit from And in the next slide, I just wanted to share that that legacy of partnership continues in our own mission today So we just updated our mission last year, and one of the things we wanted to focus back on is that transformation of communities, catalyzing neighborhood revitalization, working with other partners, and creating long-term relationships with the family and the community And I feel like that Atlanta Project was the beginning of putting all those components together In our last slide, this just tells you what we’re doing today We’re still making a huge impact in Atlanta, about $6 million in economic impact each year, so in the last year, we built 50 homes, we served families through critical repair, and we have continued to get sponsors and individual sponsors And one of the things we’re doing that’s new which is our ReStores, which is where we divert goods to a store and resell them, our ReStore had a one and a half million dollars in sales, but I still, again, it’s all of those connecting points with people who share our mission, our love for revitalization, and that was catalyzed by President and Mrs. Carter And the last slide is just we awarded them the Golden Hammer, that’s our highest award, but it should be like a Platinum Hammer for all the work they’ve done, and for the legacy that they have allowed us to be part of And so we’re so thankful for all that they do, and that work still is giving us benefits today (crowd applauding) – [John] In terms of celebrity involvement, I mean, the role of the Carters being there, you’ve attracted so many other well-known people It’s sort of a rollercoaster effect, isn’t it? Yeah Outstanding Well, at the very end of our row, Ambassador Young has waited patiently And now it’s his turn, and he may not answer my question because he tends so say whatever he wants to say, which is– (crowd laughing) But you’ve inspired a lot of people in your life Have the Carters inspired you? – Well they not only inspired me, they drafted me And we talk about President Carter’s life after politics But it was really an exceptional, he was an exceptional politician And coming out of Georgia, he was always on the progressive side of every issue And, it was very shocking when he became President and the Congressional Black Caucus didn’t want to meet with him And once they sat in a room with him, they all ended up supporting him for President He was running as a peanut farmer, and that was necessary because we were just coming out of the war in Vietnam But probably his work in disarmament, in climate change, in peace and reconciliation, he and Rosalynn together I think, I think she went to President Lopez Portillo’s inauguration before his inauguration, and came back from Mexico talking about the need for us to get involved with Panama, and suggesting that I be sent down to Latin America to confirm what she’d come back with But the President had already asked me to do something with Africa And what he did I think was probably, I don’t know whether he did this with everybody but, he said to me, “Go to Africa and ask African leaders “what they expect of this administration.” I think that’s unique And because we asked, we found out that they wanted us to do exactly what we wanted to do And I think that happened also not only in Panama but, in Africa, but he got the word from Sadat and Begin separately that something, that there would not be peace in the Middle East unless there could be peace between Egypt and Israel

And, the security and stability that has remained in the Middle East for the last 50 years is directly related to his personal negotiations between Sadat and Begin It’s remarkable that during his time as President, not a single American was killed in battle And not a single American killed anybody And I think all of the work that you all are talking about, and you got on my nerves (laughs) talking about what a great ex-President he was He was the best damn President we’ve had in my lifetime (crowd laughing and applauding) I mean, he left, he left with a, the budget was a $60 billion deficit when he came in, and it was $60 billion when he went out, so he created no deficit He was financially stable, he was visionary in terms of foreign policy, and Rosalynn was at the heart of all of that She walked into the cabinet meetings quietly, after they sat down, and she sat quietly in the back and observed, and I know she commented on everything and anybody, everybody said, because it was a, it was maybe one of the most significant co-presidencies She never said hardly anything publicly, but he wouldn’t be married to her happily for 70 years if he didn’t listen to her (crowd laughing) That’s it (crowd applauding) – I’m curious, Andy, when you first encountered Jimmy Carter because, my guess is you probably were not a Carter supporter in the 1970 governor’s race so at some point, you met him and he won you over Is that correct? – Not quite He made– – The democratic primary in the 1970s – No, but it was, in ’66, I met him in Paschal’s, and he said, I said, “The only thing I know about “Sumter County, is Sheriff Chapel.” He said, “Oh yeah, he’s my friend.” Well Dr. King said that Sheriff Chapel was the meanest man in the world (chuckles) back in ’61 when we were in Albany And so that was a shock How am I gonna work with this guy? But shortly after that I met Chip and Miss Lillian And both of them were amongst the most progressive southerners I’d ever met And I said, “You know, this guy’s momma’s all right, “his son’s all right, he’s got to be okay too.” So it always has been a familiar affair with the Carters And back when they were picking on Billy, I made it a point to go down and meet him And, he and I sat there talking about the books that he had read, and things that we were trying to figure out, and the caricature of the family and the presidency is a great disservice, not only to the Carters, but to the nation And his, I would say that he probably knew more about nuclear war than all of our Presidents put together I mean, Admiral Rickover selected him from over 500 engineers, graduates of the Naval Academy, to be his deputy in developing a nuclear Navy And I think one of the reasons why he was so determined to maintain peace, he knew better the horrors of war, and had participated in helping to develop that defense capability But it was probably the reason why he was willing to lose an election, rather than bother with invading Iran And, interestingly enough, I saw the guy Bannon, in the White House press conference yesterday and he was holding on his, under his arm a very interesting book called “Going to Tehran”, written by two foreign service and CIA couple That is probably the most progressive thing I’ve heard about Iran since President Carter was President So I only say that, in the midst of all of the horrors and disasters, I think he taught us or they taught us that you had to look for the kernel of hope

And I saw that last night That’s what I want to remember from the press conference of the present President (all laughing) – Thank you for giving me that to hang onto (John laughs) But your mention of Miss Lillian I think is significant, because she was a remarkable woman, and a very progressive and enlightened woman And Chip did, did you get to know her? – Yeah, I knew, we called her Grandmama, and you know, one of the amazing things, just on a personal level for me, all four of my great-grandmothers went to college of some kind So if you think about how generations go, I’m probably the oldest person for whom that’s gonna be true, one of the first ever, and my grandmother’s, the Smith family, Allie Smith, we called her Mother Allie, she had gone and gotten an advanced degree, she had a job throughout my grandmother’s life at the post office in Plains, but my grandmother, my great-grandmother, Miss Lillian, I think that her experiences really infected my whole family and at the time, that must have been that Andy met her, she had just come back from the Peace Corps And you know, she turned 70 in the Peace Corps, which means it’s not too late for anybody here But I think that her experience did a couple things Number one, you know, go to India from, as a little old lady, you know, from south Georgia, really taught them again that these, that this community or any community can send people anywhere and make a difference And it really binds people up in this sort of fabric of humanity in a real way But the other thing that I think it did is that when he got out of the White House in his 50s, she was standing there saying, “I turned 70 in the Peace Corps “What are you gonna do?” And I think she would be proud at this point But if you mind one last Miss Lillian story about journalists as well– – Please – So she, she had many, she had more than one child, right? She had four children But you know, one of them was running for President and was going around telling everybody that he would never tell a lie So the New York Times comes down, the well-respected New York Times as we called it in my family– (crowd laughing) – As opposed to dishonest media fake news – Fake news The New York Times comes down and to interview at this little house, you know, dirt road in Plains, and she comes to the door as a gracious southern woman and says, “Oh, it’s so nice to see you, come in, “would you like anything to eat? “Sit down.” They have this interview Finally the guy gets to the point, the reporter, and says, “You know, your son is out there telling everybody “he’ll never tell a lie “Did he ever tell, do you remember him, “do you mean to have us believe “that he never told a lie growing up?” And she said, “Well, I’m sure he told a white lie.” And of course, as a good journalist would do, he said, “Well what’s a white lie?” And she said, “Well, do you remember when you came “to the door and I said it was nice to see you?” (all laughing) – So, Ambassador Peters, you’re relatively new to Atlanta – I am – You plunked down here in The Carter Center and a lot of, you’re hearing some history today, you may know some of this but, how does all this meld with you being here in Atlanta, the cradle of the civil rights movement? I mean, talk about the significance of The Carter Center being in this city – Well, I did in fact move to Atlanta to take this job from Newport, Rhode Island I will confess that one of the things that surprised me was the vibrant and unique character of Atlanta And so it’s been a privilege to learn about Ivan Allen, and of course, I knew about Ambassador Young as a former diplomat myself, but to learn about the history of the city and how, in a way, you know, two roads diverged, and, well all right, Alabama took one road, and Georgia took another, Atlanta took one road, so that’s been a real privilege to understand just, the kind of place where The Carter Center, you know, lives and works, where we live and work But again, we couldn’t be part of a community that didn’t represent those values because, you know, our job is to take those values and turn them in to ways to, ways to alleviate suffering, ways to wage peace So I actually think that it would be very difficult for The Carter Center to be in the Atlanta that had taken the other road – And the Center of Global Health that’s here is just incredible – Oh, exactly, very good point As Jason points out, we have not only the CDC, but we have the Task Force for Global Health

We have many organizations that are coming together, and a group I’ll give a little plug to, the Georgia Global Health Alliance, which is pulling organizations together that work on global health, and there are a number, Emory as well, I think everyone here is aware of the impact of Atlanta in various ways on global health So thank you Jason, that’s another way in which it’s a perfect petri dish for us – In Copenhill, where The Carter Center is, I don’t know if this is true or not, I’ve never really pinned it down, but allegedly is the spot, or one of the spots, where General Sherman watched the burning of Atlanta Is that true, Jason? – You go ahead – You go ahead, no, you go ahead, Jason You go ahead. (chuckles) – So– – I want sources on this – It is, I can get you the sources, they’re Georgia Tech sources in fact, but it was the place, sort of the north, excuse me, the easternmost part of the current parking lot was the place where the, the northern, the Union Army’s headquarters was And so it was where a variety of different things happened but there’s some controversy among the historians about whether Sherman actually watched Atlanta burn But if he did, that’s where the place where he did – We like the story I mean– (all laughing) Print the legend, not the story – That is the spot – I want to, I think it’s appropriate now to open it up, maybe hear questions from the audience? Because we got a lot of, a lot of stuff to talk about here So please, if you have questions for any particular panelist, or a group of panelists? This is so unlike the White House press conference yesterday (crowd laughing) Yes? – [Crowd Member] Yeah, I’ve had the pleasure of knowing – We have a mic runner too – [Crowd Member] I’ve had the pleasure of knowing the Carters for about 27, 28 years, lost track but, Jody Powell told me one time as the followup on how Mrs. Carter was always in the cabinet room that she was the sharpest person in the room besides the President, you know, and she would always go up afterwards and so forth And one of the things I’ve observed over the years, which at least anyway, it’s my observation, is she was always so observant, watching what was going on in the room, and different situations and she would go in and intervene, you know, just quietly and casually to correct things, or to do this And then a couple of times she’d say, when Jimmy mis-stepped, she’d say, “Well what President Carter meant to say was”, you know? And so she would correct him very diplomatically So you know, the woman behind the man, that it was a good team, a good partnership – Well this is an interesting question for you in terms of the influence of a First Lady on actual policy Pillow talk, as it were How does Rosalynn Carter stack up in that regard? – I think that one of the most remarkable things about the Carters is that they were very forthright about it And so, when you read the oral histories, it’s just wonderful because Pat Caddell, if he had bad news, was very forthright He would come and give it to Mrs. Carter, and Mrs. Carter would give it to Mr. Carter And the reason for that was because it’s, not only is it hard to give a President bad news, but Presidents are optimists They have to be, they’re running against odds every time they turn around, right? So to have somebody that can deliver bad news and not be dismissed, and taken seriously, it’s a very big deal So I think that what you’re looking at, time and again, with First Ladies is that ability to quietly deliver bad news in a way that doesn’t make it palatable, it’s time to be a grown up, but instead requires responsibility And Rosalynn Carter did that brilliantly well, and was known for doing it throughout the White House So that also meant that she was respected for it It’s very hard to be respected when you could be perceived as a barrier, right? And instead she was viewed as an honest broker, and in the work that I’ve done in the White House to be viewed as an honest broker is perhaps the highest complement that can be paid to anyone – All right Any other questions? – Can I– – Yes, please – Can I just say about that ask, it seemed to me that the difference between their presidency and marriage and others is that they never spoke as competitors or rivals They spoke as one And her influence was through him, and not parallel to him – I think that’s very true and I think the other thing that was going on at this time, of course you have the Equal Rights Amendment, so the thing that Rosalynn Carter’s negotiating is that there’s no accepted, single standard for how women should conduct themselves as women,

as professionals, as wives Instead, there’s huge culture wars being waged over that And so to watch her negotiations of that with a rare grace so that she incurred considerable criticism from all sides, but equal criticism from all sides, and that was I think in some ways her ability was gracefulness under criticism I would agree with you, yes, Ambassador Young – There used to be the Steel Magnolia stories – Yes – And part of that, southern, southern grace And lest we forget, when the Carters came to Washington, they were not welcome with open arms They were outlanders, and there was some blame to be passed out on both sides there, but would you say that Rosalynn Carter was a moderating influence? And I didn’t want to interrupt your train of thought, but– – I’ll go after you – Go ahead first, I was just gonna, when you’re done, I was just gonna mention that I know that my grandmother sent a note to the current First Lady just to give some advice about some things, I was just gonna mention it, but, unless you want to hear that now? (Jason laughing) – Please, go ahead, please tell us more – Well no I mean, just to, exactly to Dr. Borrelli’s point, and I think this is something that, you know, you confront in law firms, in colleges at every level of our communities now, especially I’m 41 years old, my wife confronts this, we all do You know, there is no accepted way that women are supposed to behave, there’s just not And one of the things that there’s cultural wars, to your point, all the time, and my grandmother sat down, and in many ways, she and Melania don’t have a lot in common but in other ways, she just wrote this very personal note to her and told us about it And what she said was, “You’re never gonna be able “to do it right “So do what you want “You’re gonna be criticized no matter how you act, “so you should be true to yourself, “and plug it in the way that you want to.” And she said that that was the same advice that Lady Bird Johnson had given to her which was, you know, “There is no good way, because you’re going to get “criticized no matter what, so be yourself “and conduct yourself in the way that you want.” I just thought that was a pretty fascinating sort of lineage there But in any event, I didn’t mean to jump on there – No, I think the other thing that it goes to is that she’s also telling the new First Lady to do something So this is a woman who’s active (crowd laughing) Right? No, I mean, think about it Bess Truman said the best thing that she could do was sit silently and have her hat on straight And instead, in private, you may not know this, but Bess Truman is responsible for much of the early cancer research funding That was her voice in the President’s ear So in terms of thinking about Rosalynn Carter and this mediation, it’s important to remember that the Carters were outsiders, after a long line of insiders So here, it’s like, “Who are you?” I mean, the Jimmy Who campaign continued after the election And I think that Rosalynn Carter encountered a lot of that in her First Ladyship, and that was part of her negotiations To have 35 state dinners in the space of four years was part of a deliberate outreach to the Washington community that enjoyed them so much, as well as to the international sphere So her facilitation of the administration occurred both internationally and domestically, and it occurred traditionally as well as through more, for First Ladies, more innovative areas of advanced public policymaking – And the Easter Egg role– – Easter Egg role – Which is coming up, and that’s a very important role for the First Lady My humor was not appreciated there (John and crowd laughing) Your question? (crowd member mumbling) – [Crowd Member] I think one of the Carter’s strengths has been their commitment to the hometown Plains, Georgia has benefited so much from their presence there, and their continued investment in the community, and it has been evolving and it seems as though they always know the right next trick to grow the economy, and the most recent one, which was written up in the New York Times a few days ago the development of solar panels to be able to power half of Plains, Georgia from their own pecan farm So I guess my question is, what is next? He seems to always be leading the way in terms of, you know, rural southern Georgia And it’s a commitment he’s made Do you think he’s having an impact? And what are his aspirations going forward for the next best commitment there? – Well, you know, it is, it is their home, not just their hometown, but their home I mean, it’s the only place that they’ve ever really called home, and I think that their roots and that, you know, has been discussed in a lot of context

I sort of drew an analogy to small villages in Africa where they were, others have talked about their connection to that land giving them a perspective on the Middle East peace process and the way in which Palestinians and Israelis and others sort of feel a connection to the physical space that’s there We had a great time with this 10-acre solar field that, to your point, can, at maximum output, generate all of Plains’ required electricity And I think one of the things that we talk about a lot in our family is, you know, for all of the little towns in south Georgia that don’t have a President, what’s gonna happen there? Plains is a national park It is a place that will always be a museum, essentially In fact, the Jimmy Carter National and Historic Site that’s there is the only national park in the country that preserves a Depression-era rural environment Which if you think about the impact that that era and those places had on our national ethos is crazy, right? But the worry that we have in my family is that everybody in the world is gonna have to go to Plains someday to see what it’s like to live in a small town, because these towns are dying on the vine And there’s a lot that’s going on, there’s a lot of disconnection, there’s a lack of connection from a financial standpoint And in other ways to how do we grow economies? What makes sense? Even in a bigger town like Hazlehurst, Georgia, where I was this last weekend, or Douglas, which I was just discussing earlier this morning, there’s a real struggle there and in one way that you can plug in to the new economy is with renewable energy, as we discussed this week, and as was out there But there are others, and really thinking hard about what those economies look like, and what it is that we need to preserve and the real value of those communities is something that my grandparents represent the best of, in many ways And it’s something that I hope and that they hope will really sort of become a part of a discussion about them and their lives as the real value in many of those places And again, this solar field is a great example of a way to think hard and create jobs in a place where folks don’t normally think of building sort of innovative and new things But it matters, and they’re experts in that And they’re a great example of what happens when you give, you know, good education to people in small towns – Yes? We got a mic for you here, there eou go – [Crowd Member] Thanks I have a question that kind of relates to that and since that I’m from a small town in Georgia myself, and one of the concerns that, Greensboro, and one of the concerns that I have is about the quality of healthcare, and the availability and access to medicine, period And I just wonder if they have some, with their concerns about health generally, if they have some concerns about what is happening to the rural health system in Georgia? – Did you address that to anyone, a particular individual? – [Crowd Member] Anybody, but I was looking at Jason, since he had a personal connection down there But anybody – Andy may have some thoughts too on that – Yeah – Yeah And if someone else would like to take it, I’ll just say you know, and maybe Mary Ann can talk a little bit about The Carter Center but, my grandmother’s passion for mental health parity, et cetera, has gotten her to a place now where they’re really spending a lot of time about where you get services, right? And that’s true from a community-based care standpoint, even in places like Atlanta, but particular Greene County, for example, or you go, you’re a little bit farther to Hancock County You know, they’re closing emergency rooms If you have a heart attack in Hancock County now, you know, 80% of those people die because you can’t get to an emergency room that’s 45 minutes away by car, and you gotta have a car And so that, the inequality of sort of the dispersion of healthcare is something that’s really important And of course, you know, my great-grandmother, Miss Lillian, to John’s point earlier, she was a nurse I mean, so they grew up, my grandfather was the first President ever born in a hospital because they plugged in to this rural healthcare system And so again, you know, their life story is a story about the value of ensuring healthcare in those places And so as we talk about them and their legacy, it’s certainly one of them And whoever else would like to add to that can do that but– – Oh, I have a mic I would just add that for President and Mrs. Carter, health is a human right The right, the access to healthcare is a human right And I know that, as they struggle to improve health for people, neglected people at the end of the road in Africa, they certainly feel the same way about people in Georgia and about, you know, the declining, actually, metrics all over this country for various reasons in terms of

infant mortality and other indicators that frankly have fallen to levels that should embarrass the world’s largest economy – The Carter presidency, Andy, was a human rights presidency That’s the first time you really heard that term, as I recall – It was, and we always talked about civil rights but I think he was the first one to appoint an Office of Human Rights Young lady from, it was Hodding Carter’s wife, I forget, and we had actually an Office of Human Rights that not only provided for advance of human rights in this country but he introduced it abroad And the whole, you know, opening of dialogue with South Africa was basically in response to human rights And it was shocking when, told to go ask African leaders I also went to the Afrikaans and got P.W. Botha to think about human rights, in terms of his own human right And what I found was very interesting, very similar to what we found here was that he really felt that there was gonna be a bloodbath In fact, one of the questions he asked me was, “How long do we have before the bloodbath?” And I said, “You won’t have one.” He said, “How can you say that?” I said, “Because you don’t know Nelson Mandela, “you don’t know Desmond Tutu.” And they were educated by the same kinds of missionaries that educated Martin Luther King And remember that Gandhi started in South Africa also and he went back to India and transformed India without killing anybody And so it was, it started a dialogue with people about things that we didn’t use to talk about – Would you say that you had to pressure President Carter on human rights, or was it the other way around? – No, indeed In fact, he pressured me, I didn’t want to leave the Congress And Coretta King said, “Look, Stevenson couldn’t stay “at the UN but two years with Kennedy “How long you think they’ll let you stay in the UN?” And I said, “Well I’ll stay longer than Stevenson.” But he pressured me to, he said, I said, “No, I’d rather wait “and come in your second term.” He said, “No, there may not be a second term “Whatever we’re going to do, we have to do now.” – Really? – And so I left the Congress, but that, the way I have learned to understand that one little phrase, and I’m sorry I didn’t keep it, ’cause it was in his own handwriting but to ask leaders what they expect of us I call that the politics of respect And I think that he did that with the Russians, with the Chinese, and, he always encouraged people to talk and it, it was very difficult, because that was not the State Department’s policy And I find myself almost identifying with the confusion going on now, and I don’t want to identify too much but we were really rejected for telling the truth And that was one of the things he said You know, you don’t lie So somebody asked me, “What do you”, well Dan Rather, first week, “What do you think about the Cubans in Africa?” And I said, “I think they’ve been a stabilizing force.” Well that was the wrong answer (all laughing) – I think I read that in a somewhere – Yeah it was a headline but, I knew that the Cubans were there protecting gulf oil, and then Angola, they never missed a day pumping oil because the Cubans were there protecting them from rebels in Congo, that we were supporting And it didn’t, it didn’t make sense, but it was the truth And I think that that was the basis of human rights was that you tell the truth and let the chips fall where they may Now that was always a problem for him, and I’ll tell this story and then shut up because Abner Mikva said that Jimmy Carter was the only President he’d ever heard of that seemed to have read every bill And when the

tax committee went to take the tax code there, said it was about 10 inches thick, and when they went in to talk with the President about the tax code, he had little yellow notes all the way through it and they said, “Golly!” He said it intimidated the hell out of ’em because none of them had read it (all laughing) And he said that was a strength and weakness, because he intimidated people, and I never went into a briefing on anything where he didn’t know more than I did, about things that I’ve been working with all my life And so, you see that though in the number of books that he’s produced, and you see that in his still hours before daylight, then waking up and doing a wide variety of things and, I think that that’s sort of the secret of their life The most, well, when I went to lunch at the White House, the only one time, I was served one glass of unsweetened ice tea, one half of tuna fish sandwich with no mayonnaise, and one slice of lettuce, with one piece of pineapple And I was expecting a big fancy lunch (all laughing) And I said, “They eat right.” You know, and I think that’s the reason you see them so healthy at the age they are And it’s always intimidating to me to be around him and feel so inadequate and undisciplined– (all laughing) And downright sorry He put you on a guilt trip just by listening to him – That, sir, is an amazing statement I’m gonna remember that We’ve got time for maybe one more question Go back to the back of the room There’s a mic there for you Yes? – [Crowd Member] Thank you so much for giving me the opportunity, ’cause I’m a Georgia Tech student So my question is for Mr. Jason Carter I think Mr. Reckford mentioned a lot about how Mr. and Mrs. Carter showed integrity day by day, and also about their love, how it’s so endearing, even though they’ve been married for more than 70 years, and I find that almost impossible to think about how people could be so endearing And my question is, have you noticed anything, any habits or something that they practice every day that really roots them in that integrity and love? – I think there’s sort of two things that are remarkable to me I think one is their faith And Mr. Reckford, the folks at Habitat see that every day Mary Ann sees that every day Their faith really grounds them And you know, so much damage has been done to the public face of Christianity over the course of its politicization over the last, say, 25 years My opinion But they have this true and abiding belief that if they do right by other people that it will bring them closer to God, and they share that together in a way that is very real and that manifests itself in their life every day And as perhaps as a part of that, they keep it simple I mean, the story that Ambassador Young told about the tuna fish sandwich, I mean, if you go to Plains on a Saturday, any Saturday, they will have for lunch the same lunch that they’ve had every day for 70 years, which is hot dogs with slaw on the top, and a Bloody Mary (crowd laughing) And that’s what they eat And you know, one time, you know, we sat, my wife and I, we were flying every year, the family goes on a trip that they take us on There were 39 Carter family members on this trip this year, which is, you know, grandchildren and grandchildren spouses, and then great-grandchildren, and you know, I mean a huge number of people But a couple of years ago, we were on a flight, just on a regular Delta flight from Atlanta, I think we were going to Nicaragua And my grandmother, you know, when the flight gets up, they, this goes along with your story about him mowing the lawn, right? My grandmother reaches into her purse and she takes out this Tupperware with this pimento cheese in it, and this loaf of, you know, white Wonder Bread, or whatever it was, and a plastic knife, and she starts asking people if they want a pimento cheese sandwich (crowd laughing) And they’re sitting in coach, in a Delta flight, and the people next to them, they had already gotten up and said hello and shaken everybody’s hand, but they’re thinking like, “This is the former President “of the United States and the First Lady “and she’s sitting here with aa plastic knife “spreading pimento cheese on some white bread”, because that’s what they were gonna eat And you know, she wasn’t gonna eat very much, because it’s pimento cheese, but you know the point is– (crowd laughing)

The point is, they don’t, they stayed who they were And you know, I’m a lawyer, right? I’ve seen lawyers have big success and change who they are You know? You’ve seen people who get a job like being the head of Habitat for Humanity in Atlanta and change who they are You haven’t done that Lisa, I’m just saying– (crowd laughing) My only point, my only point lisa is that you have an impressive job, right, and it’s the kind of thing that for some people, it changes who they are, but my grandparents went and did what they did and never changed And that, it’s such, they live in the same house, they do the same things every day, they appreciate those simple things, and they just never got ahead of themselves And how they’ve done that together really I think is what has kept them together – Thank you Jason I think we need to draw this to a close I don’t know about you but I’ve enjoyed this immensely, this has been terrific So Jason, Mary Ann, and MaryAnne, Johnathan, Lisa, Andy, thank you for being here, and shedding some, some real interesting light on the Carters and their many, many contributions and their humanity And thank you all for being here (crowd applauding) Lunch is next